Clinical presentation and radiological features of antiphospholipid antibody-associated chorea
| PUMCH (n=13) | Literature (n=167) | Overall (n=180) | |
| Episodes | |||
| =1 | 9/12 (75) | 111/167 (66.5) | 120/179 (67.0) |
| >1 | 3/12 (25) | 56/167 (33.5) | 59/179 (33.0) |
| Mean (range) | 1.2 (1, 2) | 1.5 (1, 6) | 1.5 (1, 6) |
| Localisation | |||
| Unilateral or bilateral | |||
| Bilateral | 8/12 (66.7) | 86/148 (58.1) | 94/160 (58.8) |
| Unilateral | 4/12 (33.3) | 62/148 (41.9) | 66/160 (37.5) |
| Upper limb, lower limb, both | |||
| Both | 10/12 (83.3) | 92/105 (87.6) | 102/117 (87.2) |
| Upper limb | 2/12 (16.7) | 13/105 (12.4) | 15/117 (12.8) |
| Lower limb | 0/12 (0) | 0/105 (0) | 0/117 (0) |
| Head or face involvement | 9/12 (75) | 74/102 (72.5) | 83/114 (72.8) |
| Precipitating factors | |||
| Oral contraceptive | 0/12 (0) | 14/167 (8.4) | 14/179 (7.8) |
| Pregnancy | 1/12 (8.3) | 12/167 (7.2) | 13/179 (7.3) |
| None | 10/12 (83.3) | 139/167 (83.2) | 149/179 (83.2) |
| Duration from onset to improvement | |||
| Days | 0/12 (0) | 2/154 (1.3) | 2/166 (1.2) |
| Weeks | 0/12 (0) | 30/154 (19.5) | 30/166 (18.1) |
| Months | 12/12 (100) | 85/154 (55.2) | 97/166 (58.4) |
| Years | 0/12 (0) | 37/154 (24.0) | 37/166 (22.3) |
| Duration of follow-up, months | |||
| Median (range) | 24.9 (3.1, 97.1) | 18 (0.2, 588) | 22.8 (0.2, 588) |
| MRI | |||
| Availability | 11/13 (84.6) | 124/167 (74.3) | 135/180 (75.0) |
| Abnormality | 7/11 (63.6) | 58/124 (46.8) | 65/135 (48.1) |
| Basal ganglia lesions | 1/7 (14.3) | 19/58 (32.8) | 20/65 (30.8) |
| White matter hyperintensities | 5/7 (71.4) | 25/42 (59.5) | 30/49 (61.2) |
| Atrophy | 0/7 (0) | 4/42 (9.5) | 4/49 (8.2) |
| PET-CT/MRI | |||
| Availability | 5/13 (38.5) | 11/167 (6.6) | 16/180 (8.9) |
| Abnormality | 5/5 (100.0) | 11/11 (100.0) | 16/16 (100.0) |
| Hypermetabolism of basal ganglia | 5/5 (100.0) | 11/11 (100.0) | 16/16 (100.0) |
| Hypometabolism of other regions | 3/5 (60.0) | 3/11 (27.3) | 6/16 (37.5) |
| Repeat in complete remission | 1/5 (20.0) | 5/11 (45.5) | 6/16 (37.5) |
| Back to normal | 1/1 (100.0) | 5/5 (100.0) | 6/6 (100.0) |
PET, positron emission tomography; PUMCH, Peking Union Medical College Hospital.