Mechanisms of allergySuppression of human IL-1β, IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α production by cigarette smoke extracts☆,☆☆,★
Section snippets
Preparation of cigarette smoke extracts, hydroquinone, catechol, and nicotine solutions
Cigarette smoke extracts were freshly prepared by bubbling smoke drawn from single lit commercial cigarettes representing high-tar (unfiltered Camel; R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co, Winston-Salem, NC; 26 mg of tar and 1.7 mg of nicotine per cigarette), medium-tar (Marlboro; Philip Morris Inc, Richmond, Va; 15 mg of tar and 0.9 mg of nicotine per cigarette), and low-tar cigarettes (Carlton 100's; Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp, Louisville, Ky; 1 mg of tar and 0.1 mg of nicotine per cigarette)
HPLC analysis of cigarette smoke extracts
Cigarette smoke extracts of Camel (unfiltered), Marlboro, and Carlton cigarettes were analyzed by C18 reverse-phase HPLC and monitored by tandem UV and electrochemical detectors (Fig 1).
Discussion
The proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ play important roles in the host defense against infection and cancer.24, 25, 26, 27 All 4 cytokines are involved in the generation of lymphokine-activated killer cells and cytotoxic T cells that are capable of destroying lung tumors.28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 Several studies have shown that progressive tumor growth is associated with decreased antitumor immunity and lower levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ.34, 35, 36 Decreased serum IL-1, IL-2, and
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Dr Bierer is currently affiliated with the Laboratory of Lymphocyte Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
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Supported by National Institutes of Health grants ES05673 and HL60538.
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Reprint requests: Brian M. Freed, PhD, Clinical Immunology and Histocompatibility Laboratory, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Campus Box B164, 4200 E Ninth Ave, Denver, CO 80262.