Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that can affect any organ system. Predominant manifestations include arthralgia, rash, photosensitivity, pleuritis, renal and central nervous system involvement. Fortunately, pleuritis in systemic lupus erythematosus is not usually as life threatening as may be the renal or central nervous system complications. Nevertheless, pleuritis does occur in systemic lupus erythematosus and may be a significant cause of morbidity. In addition to primary pleuritis attributed to systemic lupus erythematosus, secondary pleural complications, especially infections, may occur as a consequence of systemic lupus erythematosus. Pleuritis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus may therefore frequently challenge the diagnostic and therapeutic acumen of physicians.