Members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family are key regulators of both innate and adaptive
immune responses. The function of TLRs in various human diseases has been investigated …

HMGB1 is a non-histone nuclear protein that can serve as an alarmin to drive the
pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune disease. Although primarily located in the …

Osteoarthritis is a painful and debilitating disease characterized by progressive
degenerative changes in the articular cartilage and other joint tissues. Biomechanical factors …

High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a non-histone nuclear protein with dual
function. Inside the cell, HMGB1 binds DNA and regulates transcription, whereas outside the …

Autoimmune diseases are a diverse group of conditions characterized by aberrant B cell
and T cell reactivity to normal constituents of the host. These diseases occur widely and …

Four monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies derived from a single autoimmune MRL/lpr mouse
were studied. Three of these antibodies showed similarities in DNA binding; the fourth had a …

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a highly abundant protein that can promote
the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases once it is in an extracellular …

MRL-lpr/lpr mice spontaneously develop various manifestations of autoimmunity including
an inflammatory arthropathy and immune complex glomerulonephritis. This study examines …

Improvements in the control of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by conventional
synthetic and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) have led to a …

Microparticles (MPs) are small membrane-bound vesicles that are emerging as important
elements in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases owing to their pleiotropic effects on …